Pavement or roadway.



PATENTED AUG. 21, 1906. T. N. BADGER.

PAVEMENT OR ROADWAY.

APPLICATION TILED JUNE B. 1903.

5o`tion of the road,

unire sfrarriofr 'arten THMAS N. BADGER, OF, ElVlERYVlLLE; CLlFRNlA.

PAVEENT QH FQDWWL a no. 329,24*?.

Speccation of Letters Patent.

atented Aug. 21, 1906.

aspiration sied June s, 190s, serai No. 160,577.

To a/Z whom t may concern.-

eryville, in the county of Alameda and State 5 of California, have invented a new and usefuly .Improvement in Pavements or Roadways, oi

-which the following is a specification.

` This invention relates to improvements made in l 'or description in which the particles of broken stone and material of different grades `of iineness are mixed with asphalt or other 1 ,similarv bituminous material, so as to bind the '15 particles of the macadam ina solid mass; and

y the invention has for its object the produc,

' l tion of a pavement or roadway of the char- 2o regards the solidity, firmness, and other qu ali-` ties of its surfaces, its durability, and the great reduction in the labor' and expense involved in rits construction of a pavement or roadway of' this class.

To such end 'and object chiefly my said invention consists in the production of a road- ;way or street-pavement from broken stones of different grades or degrees of fineness and `crude mineral oil as hereinafter described,

3o and pointed out in the claims at the end of this specification.

In proceeding to describe at length the na-l ture of the present Iimprovement and the manner in which I proceed to produce, apply,

3 5 and carry out the same l shall refer to the accompanying drawing, which represents a vertical section of a portion of a pavement orl roadway constructed in accordance with the invention.

The material employed is the usual macadam, comprising particles of crushed or broken stone of various degrees of fineness,

but usually only two grades are used-namely, a coarse grade composed of particles small enough to pass through a two-and-one-halfinch ring and a fine grade consisting of what are commonly termed screenings The coarse material is iirst laid and spread to an even depth in a single layer upon the foundawhich has been previously prepared, and upon the layer of coarse particles I then spread the screenings or material composed of the finer particles, care being s taken to distribute the fine material uniformly over the surface of the layer of coarse i material and insufficient quantity to lill i the production of macadam road-- ro' ways or street-pavements of that character tribute the crude oil.

the interstices inthe body or layer of coarse stones. After the layer of screenings is spread and distributed over the surface in this manvner l proceed at once, without further treatment or working, to lill in the interstices between all the particles, both fine and coarse,A with crude mineral oil by sprinkling the oil upon and over the surface, either by hand, by means of a hose having a sprinklingnozzle op one end and connected with a'tank, or by means of a sprinkling-cart having a sprinkling device of v suitable character to dis- 'lhe oil is applied in this manner in suflicient quantity to penetrate and fill the interstices in the mass of material previoi'isly laid. .The crude oil is successfully applied in a cold state or at normal temperature; but in'some cases it may be found preferable to raise the temperature to about 200. Fahrenheit before ap- This will depend upon the season of the year and the climate in which the work is being carried on at the time. ln this operation of sprinkling the oil the 'filling plying the oil.

of the interstices is efl'ectedv by the force of gravity, and as the mass' of coarse and fine particles previously laid is still in a loose and uncompact state the oil is quickly taken up and readily penetrates the mass, effectively coating all the particles. The quantity of oil used should not be less than one gallon to every square yard, and in every case the sprinkling operation should be carried on until the body or mass of stone and screenings is thoroughly and evenly saturated. After this is done the surface of the roadway is rolled with a ten-ton roller for twenty-four hours. At the end of that operation the roadway is ready for use. As thus constructed my improved roadway furnishes a solid, iirm, and compact surface that will not disintegrate or become pulverized under wear, it will not hold water nor become muddy, and it will not require sprinkling during the driest weather.

l do not claim, broadly, the production of a pavement or roadway from macadam and bituminous material mixed and incorporated s tween the coarser stone pieces and also con- IlO broken stone filling the interstices beof crude oil filling the interstices between the -stone massesfthe Whole being compacted together, substantially as set forth.

2. vThe herein-described improvement in the production of a pavement or roadway from macadam and similar material consisting in 'rst v'spreading a mass of relatively coarse particles of the stone', then spreading a layer of relatively fine particles in sufficient quantity to fill the interstices in the previ-4 ouslyflaid mass of coarse particles, then l sprinklingwitli crude mineral oil tire mass or body of material previously laid until .the spaces and interstices therein are filled by the oil, and finally rolling the surface of the pavelAment.

In teetii'nony whereof I. have signed my naine inthe presence of tWo siibscriloingwit- 

